Lamb to the Slaughter Free Essays

string(102) " violence of the crash, the noise, the small table overturning, helped to bring her out of the shock\." LAMB TO THE SLAUGHTER by ROALD DAHL The room was warm, the curtains were closed, the two table lamps were lit. On the cupboard behind her there were two glasses and some drinks. Mary Maloney was waiting for her husband to come home from work. We will write a custom essay sample on Lamb to the Slaughter or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now and again she glanced at the clock, but without anxiety: She merely wanted to satisfy herself that each minute that went by made it nearer the time when he would come home. As she bent over her sewing, she was curiously peaceful. This was her sixth month expecting a child. Her mouth and her eyes, with their new calm look, seemed larger and darker than before. When the clock said ten minutes to five, she began to listen, and a few moments later, punctually as always, she heard the car tires on the stones outside, the car door closing, footsteps passing the window, the key turning in the lock. She stood up and went forward to kiss him as he entered. â€Å"Hello, darling,† she said. â€Å"Hello,† he answered. She took his coat and hung it up. Then she made the drinks, a strong one for him and a weak one for herself; and soon she was back again in her chair with the sewing, and he was in the other chair, holding the tall glass, rolling it gently so that the ice knocked musically against the side of the glass. For her, this was always a wonderful time of day. She knew he didn’t want to speak much until the first drink was finished, and she was satisfied to sit quietly, enjoying his company after the long hours alone in the house. She loved the warmth that came out of him when they were alone together. She loved the shape of his mouth, and she especially liked the way he didn’t complain about being tired. â€Å"Tired, darling? † â€Å"Yes,† he sighed. â€Å"I’m thoroughly exhausted. And as he spoke, he did an unusual thing. He lifted his glass and drank it down in one swallow although there was still half of it left. He got up and went slowly to get himself another drink. â€Å"I’ll get it! † she cried, jumping up. â€Å"Sit down,† he said. When he came back, she noticed that the new drink was a very strong one. She watched him as he began to drink. â€Å"I think it’s a shame,† she said, â€Å"that when someone’s been a policeman as long as you have, he still has to walk around all day long. † He didn’t answer. â€Å"Darling,† she said,† If you’re too tired to eat out tonight, as we had planned, I can fix you something. There’s plenty of meat and stuff in the freezer. † Her eyes waited to an answer, a smile, a nod, but he made no sign. Anyway,† she went on. â€Å"I’ll get you some bread and cheese. † â€Å"I don’t want it,† he said. She moved uneasily in her chair. â€Å"But you have to have supper. I can easily fix you something. I’d like to do it. We can have lamb. Anything you want. Everything’s in the freezer. † â€Å"Forget it,† he said. â€Å"But, darling, you have to eat! I’ll do it anyway, and then you can have it or not, as you like. † She stood up and put placed her sewing on the table by the lamp. â€Å"Sit down,† he said. â€Å"Just for a minute, sit down. † It wasn’t until then that she began to get frightened. â€Å"Go on,† he said. â€Å"Sit down. She lowered herself into the chair, watching him all the time with large, puzzled eyes. He had finished his second drink and was staring into the glass. â€Å"Listen,† he said. â€Å"I’ve got something to tell you. † â€Å"What is it, darling? What’s the matter? † He became absolutely motionless, and he kept his head down. â€Å"This is going to be a big shock to you, I’m afraid,† he said. â€Å"But I’ve thought about it a good deal and I’ve decided that the only thing to do is to tell you immediately. † And he told her. It didn’t take long, four or five minutes at most, and she sat still through it all, watching him with puzzled horror. So there it is,† he added. â€Å"And I know it’s a tough time to be telling you this, but there simply wasn’t any other way. Of course, I’ll give you money and see that you’re taken care of. But there really shouldn’t be any problem. I hope not, in any case. It wouldn’t be very good for my job. † Her first instinct was not to believe any of it. She thought that perhaps she’d imagined the whole thing. Perhaps, if she acted as though she had not heard him, she would find out that none of it had ever happened. â€Å"I’ll fix some supper,† she whispered. When she walked across the room, she couldn’t feel her feet touching the floor. She couldn’t feel anything except a slight sickness. She did everything without thinking. She went downstairs to the freezer and took hold of the first object she found. She lifted it out, and looked at it. It was wrapped in paper, so she took off the paper and looked at again — a leg of lamb. All right, then, they would have lamb for supper. She carried it upstairs, held the thin end with both her hands. She went into the living room, saw him standing by the window with his back to her, and stopped. I’ve already told you,† he said. â€Å"Don’t make supper for me. I’m going out. † At that point, Mary Maloney simply walked up behind him and without any pause, she swung the big frozen leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on the back of his head. She might as well have hit him with a steel bar. She stepped back, waiting, a nd the strange thing was that he remained standing there for at least four or five seconds. Then he crashed onto the carpet. The violence of the crash, the noise, the small table overturning, helped to bring her out of the shock. You read "Lamb to the Slaughter" in category "Papers" She came out slowly, feeling cold and surprised, and she stood for a few minutes, looking at the body, still holding the piece of meat tightly with both hands. All right, she told herself. So I’ve killed him. It was extraordinary, now, how clear her mind became all of a sudden. She began thinking very fast. As the wife of a detective, she knew what the punishment would be. It made no difference to her. In fact, it would be a relief. On the other hand, what about the baby? What were the laws about murderers with unborn children? Did they kill them both — mother and child? Did they wait until the baby was born? What did they do? Mary Maloney didn’t know and she wasn’t prepared to take a chance. She carried the meat into the kitchen, put it into a pan, turned on the oven, and put the pan inside. Then she washed her hands, ran upstairs, sat down in front of the mirror, fixed her makeup, and tried to smile. The smile was rather peculiar. She tried again. â€Å"Hello, Sam† she said brightly, aloud. The voice sounded peculiar, too. â€Å"I want some potatoes, Sam. Yes, and perhaps a can of bean. s. † That was better. Both the smile and the voice sounded better now. She practiced them several times more. Then she ran downstairs, took her coat, and went out the back door, through the garden into the street. It wasn’t six o’clock yet and the lights were still on in the neighborhood grocery. â€Å"Hello, Sam,† she said brightly, smiling at the man in the shop. â€Å"Good evening, Mrs. Maloney. How are you? † â€Å"I want some potatoes, please, Sam. Yes, and perhaps a can of beans, too. Patrick’s decided he’s tired and he doesn’t want to eat out tonight,† she told him. â€Å"We usually go out on Thursdays, you know, and now I don’t have any vegetables in the house. † â€Å"Then how about some meat, Mrs. Maloney? † asked the grocer. No, I’ve got meat, thanks, I’ve got a nice leg of lamb, from the freezer. † â€Å"Do you want these potatoes, Mrs. Maloney? â€Å"Oh, yes, they’ll be fine. Two pounds, please. † â€Å"Anything else? † The grocer turned his head to one side, lo oking at her. â€Å"How about dessert? What are you going to give him for dessert? How about a nice piece of cake? I know he likes cake. † â€Å"Perfect,† she said. â€Å"He loves it. † And when she had bought and paid for everything, she gave her brightest smile and said, â€Å"Thank you, Sam. Good night. † And now, she told herself as she hurried back home, she was returning to her husband and he was waiting for his supper. She had to cook it well and make it taste as good as possible, because the poor man was tired; and if she found anything unusual or terrible when she got home, then it would be a shock and she would have to react with grief and horror. Of course, she was not expecting to find anything unusual at home. She was just going home with the vegetables on Thursday evening to cook dinner for husband. That’s the way, she told herself. Do everything normally. Keep things absolutely natural and there’ll be no need for acting at all. As she entered the kitchen by the back door, she was quietly singing to herself. Patrick! † she called. â€Å"How are you, darling? † She put the package on the table and went into the living room; and when she saw him lying there on the floor, it really was a shock. All the old love for him came back to her, and she ran over to him, knelt down beside him, and began to cry hard. It was easy. No acting was necessary. A few minutes later, she got up and went to the phone. She knew the number of the police station, and when the man at the other end answered, she cried to him. â€Å"Quick! Come quickly! Patrick’s dead. † â€Å"Who’s speaking? † â€Å"Mrs. Maloney. Mrs. Patrick Maloney. â€Å"Do you mean that Patrick’s dead? † â€Å"I think so, † she cried. â€Å"He’s lying on the floor and I think he’s dead. † â€Å"We’ll be there immediately,† the man said. The car came very quickly, and when she opened the front door, two policemen walked in. She knew them both. She knew nearly all the men at the police station. She fell into Jack Noonan’s arms, crying uncontrollably. He put her gently into a chair. â€Å"Is he dead? † she cried. â€Å"I’m afraid he is. What happened? † In a few words she told her story about going to the grocer and coming back, when she found him on the floor. While she was crying and talking, Noonan found some dried blood on the dead man’s head. He hurried to the phone. Some other men began to arrive — a doctor, two detectives, a police photographer, and a man who knew about fingerprints. The detectives kept asking her a lot of questions. They always treated her kindly. She told them how she’d put the meat into the overn — â€Å"it’s there now†Ã¢â‚¬â€œand how she had gone to the grocer’s for vegetables and how she came back to find him lying on the floor. The two detectives were exceptionally nice to her. They searched the house. Sometimes Jack Noonan spoke to her gently. He told her that her husband had been killed by a blow to the back of the head. They were looking for the weapon. The murderer might have taken it with him, but he might have thrown it away or hidden it. — â€Å"It’s the old story,† he said. â€Å"Get the weapon, and you’ve got the murderer. † Later, one of the detectives sat down beside her. Did she know, he asked, of anything in the house that could have been used as a weapon? Would she look around to see if anything was missing. The search went on. It began to get late — it was nearly nine o’clock. The men searching the rooms were getting tired. â€Å"Jack,† she said, â€Å"Would you like a drink? You must be extremely tired. † â€Å"Well,† he answered. â€Å"It’s not allowed by police rules, but since you’re a friend. † They stood around with drinks in their hands. The detectives were uncomfortable with her and they tried to say cheering things to her. Jack Noonan walked into the kitchen, came out quickly, and said, â€Å"Look, Mrs. Maloney. Did you know that your oven is still on, and the meat is still inside? † â€Å"Oh,† she said. â€Å"So it is! I’d better turn it off. † She returned with tearful eyes. â€Å"Would you do me a favor? Here you all are, all good friends of Patrick’s, and you’re helping to catch the man who killed him. You must be very hungry by now because it’s long past your supper time, and I know that Patrick would never forgive me if I let you stay in the house without offering you anything to eat. Why don’t you eat up the lamb in the oven? † â€Å"I wouldn’t dream of it,† Noonan said. â€Å"Please,† she begged. â€Å"Personally, I couldn’t eat a thing, but it’d be a favor to me if you ate it up. Then you can go on with your work. † The detectives hesitated, but they were hungry, and in the end, they went into the kitchen and helped themselves to supper. The woman stayed where she was and listened to them through the open door. She could hear them speaking among themselves, and their voices were thick because their mouths were full of meat. â€Å"Have some more, Charlie. † â€Å"No, we’d better not finish it. † â€Å"She wants us to finish it. She said we ought to eat it up. † â€Å"That’s a big bar the murderer must have used to hit poor Patrick. The doctor says the back of his head was broken to pieces. â€Å"That’s why the weapon should be easy to find. † â€Å"Exactly what I say. † â€Å"Whoever did it, he can’t carry a weapon that big around with him. â€Å" How to cite Lamb to the Slaughter, Papers Lamb to the Slaughter Free Essays In the short story, Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl uses the literary devices of dramatic irony, foreshadowing, and imagery to depict a dark comedy by grasping the idea of a tragedy becoming humorous. There are multiple uses and examples of irony throughout this short story that relate to the idea of a dark comedy. One key quote of dramatic irony comes from the end of the book stating, Personally, I think its right here on the premises. We will write a custom essay sample on Lamb to the Slaughter or any similar topic only for you Order Now ? Probably right under our very noses. What do you think, Jack This quote here shows us as that the detectives have no idea that they are actually eating the evidence of the murder right then and there. We, as the audience, obviously know what is going on and by Mary Maloney chuckling at that statement shows us that Dahl turned something as horrible as murder into something that she laughs at in the end referring to the idea of dark comedy. Verbal irony is also represented in this piece of literature. When she goes to the market, she talks to the grocer and states, ? No, Ive got meat, thanks. I got a nice leg of lam, from the freezer.? (pg. 20) This is verbal irony because it shows that what she is saying is basically telling the grocer what she used for the murder of her husband. The irony here is amusing, knowing the fact that killed the supposed love of her life and can so easily lie about it. So again, the verbal irony really catches the tone of the dark comedy that Dahl is trying to capture here. Both dramatic and verbal irony relate to eac h other in the sense that the audience feels the ideas of a tragedy as something funny therefore, relating back to the overall picture of the piece of literate as a dark comedy in the short story How to cite Lamb to the Slaughter, Essay examples

The American Revolution Vs. The Patriot free essay sample

In the movie there were scenes In which they were In a battle fighting and the canon ball would come out of the canon and travel through the all at a fast speed hit ground a blow up. The canon balls did not blow up back then, they simply hit the ground and took out whatever was In the way, because they were made from cast-Iron. (The history place. W. . . COM) And It also showed them having good accuracy, cannons only had one purpose taking out as many people as possible In one place, did not focus on accuracy when they made the cannon. That Is why they had multiple cannons set up behind the Infantry men.The guns the used In the movie resembled, showed them reloading in under 5 seconds, it took 15 seconds if not more to reload. They had to put the gunpowder in, put the tiny ball in, pack it down, all this would take more then 5 seconds(Countryman 2002, 67). We will write a custom essay sample on The American Revolution Vs. The Patriot or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It also showed them making multiple shots out of the same gun without reloading. This was not possible because, during that time the guns werent spring loaded they were based on gun power, and a tiny ball. In the movie the Patriot, It showed the homeowner owning a bunch of slaves. It showed them plowing the fields, harvesting their crops, doing housework.It also showed the home owners treating the slaves like their family, in that time black people werent considered equal to the white man. So on a rare occasion this would happen. Back then slaves were treated so badly, if they were on a plantation they would most likely be served a small serving of food, and blanket for adults to sleep with. Most of the time the children were left with nothing to keep them warm so they had to put their feet in the coals of the fire to keep them warm(History ,www. . COM) In the movie it showed them Joined them eating with the family, and they probably had there beds to sleep in.It also told us that if there were slaves fighting in the American Revolution for the patriot side, they were granted freedom after one year of service The Transportation in the movie was for the most part, was the same as in the American Revolution. Mostly in the American Revolution, only the officers got to ride the horses not the infantry men. And the men who rode the horses carried bayonets well, not Just swords. The militia men did have the horses from their farms, but in the movie it did not show where they got these horses from it only showed the main characters horses and where they got them from. They used ships to transport troops around, and they used them at battles sometimes, it did not show this during the movie, but they were used. The battles of the movie werent in the location of the real battles. They used the same type of fighting technique where they would all line up in lines and one side shoot first, then the other side would return , 88). The British mostly take NOW, but in the movie the usually killed them all, except for the main militia group, when it came to them they took them as prisoner and were goanna hang them. The battle of Bunker hill was barely spoken about, and they didnt show it in the movie. Owed the battle at where General Cornwall is made his surrender, and war was one by the Patriots(History notes, In class). Revolution. Whether it be the battles, the way they got to the battles, the weapons used, or how the slaves were treated, the American Revolution was much more then what that movie made it seem to be. They did not touch on any of the events leading up to American Revolution, like the Boston Tea party,

Race, Ethnicity and Role of Police an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Race, Ethnicity and Role of Police Some Harlem residents dubbed the event the Million Cop March since the quantum of police force out on the streets of demonstrators were equal to the estimated 6,500 demonstrators, where 3000 uniformed cops totally packed formed a human wall around the rally with other 250 community affairs police in light blue polo shirts moving along with the marchers. It was the perfect place for the Giuliani administration to demonstrate the police state operation in the minority working class neighborhood. (Vann, 1998) Need essay sample on "Race, Ethnicity and Role of Police" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Amnesty International in 1998 documented the conduct of police force. In its United States of America: Rights for All (AI Index: AMR 51/35/98), the organization posited the patterns of ill treatment including beatings by the police, unjustified shootings and the use of dangerous methods claiming to uphold the suspects. Whereas only the minority of the many law enforcement officers engaged themselves in the brutal actions, Amnesty International came out with fact that very little was done to check the abusers or anything was done to make sure that the tactics of the police did not involve unnecessary force or injury. Their report also indicated various abuses in some jurisdictions or police precincts. (Amnesty International, 1999) All the above examples present the racial and ethnic minorities as truly the victims of police misconduct, along-with getting subjected to false arrests, harassments, verbal and physical abuses. All organizations have their own culture and this is true with the police force too. The police culture in its traditional role was developed as a means to maintain the equal status in the society and impart uniformity but the changes and the different norms, expectations, rites and rituals and traditions in the police department imparts different challenge. Each police agency has its own cultural norms, rites, rituals, common language, and traditions that have become quite strong. The incidents of police misconduct continue to be grave in West Virginia; when asked about the police role to the West Virginia State Police Chief Howard E. Hill Jr., he aptly replied, law enforcement officers place their lives on the line every single day and deal with the dregs of society that others avoid . Many officers are injured or killed trying to protect the public.(West Virginia Advisory Committee to The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2004, p. 2) To reduce the harm to others and upon themselves, police have to make quick judgment and act promptly, especially in cases, which are volatile and potentially dangerous and deadly. Straight forwardly law enforcement officers have to perform their duty towards the public which is not every easy. Law has also given rights to the law enforcement officers to adopt what is appropriate in certain dangerous situations, while apprehending alleged criminals and protecting themselves and others. It has also been found that many of the adverse actions by certain police officers neither form the part nor are the representation of the entire police force. But there is no doubt of the fact that vast number of law enforcement officers in West Virginia are very hard working and are conscious about their duties and well being towards the society and according them their harsh and aggressive use of their power is only an exception and not a norm. It was noted by the State commentators in early 2000 that accusations in as early as 2000 in West Virginia has been on the increase. In Charleston, a simple system of complaint was adopted but the increase in complaints on the misconduct by the police officers nullified these procedures. The State law has made it mandatory for every state police to investigate on any complaint pertaining to the use of the excessive force by the state troopers. In the first 11 months of 1998 in Charleston, 24 allegations were alleged on the police officers, but only seven cases were investigated. As compared to it in the first six months during 2000, the Charleston Police Department made the use of force 122 times with showing their firearms, using their hands to get alleged criminals to handcuff, and other aggressive methods accounting to physical injuries. (West Virginia Advisory Committee to The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2004) There is an internal professional standard section within the state police handling allegations on police misconduct by the state police officers. But there are limitations to its powers with the process beginning with an officer in charge (OIC) who appoints an investigator to initiate an internal enquiry regarding the matter. The investigator collects the evidence and makes recommendations regarding the disciplinary action to the OIC, who then also gives recommendations to the superintendent of police, who gives the final decision to undertake disciplinary action. As response to this determination, the accused officer gets a chance to present a defense at a pre-deprivation hearing and appeal can also be made by a grievance procedure presided over by an administrative law judge. These offenses appear under three categories depending on their severity- one, which are less severe, secondly more severe, and thirdly those cases, which are of very serious in nature. The third category off ences form unnecessary force during an arrest/custody. In these cases superintendent can discharge an officer. Each city of West Virginia has a civil service system depending upon the size governing the process of testing, hiring and maintaining the discipline of country employees. But the officers in authority themselves are not satisfied with the procedures as there are lot of hierarchal layers and sittings of review panel involved. It was found that police chiefs strong position was not enough to agree or disagree the abuse of authority and there is an ardent need of the good supervisors to keep in check the abuses. (West Virginia Advisory Committee to The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2004) The action of the police force in case of domestic violence depends on the gravity of the case and if there is a probable cause. Particularly women of color and poor women have limited access to the legal processes, and are more prone to emotional abuse. The traditional ways other social institutions especially police responds to the violence against women is complicated by racism, as a result battered women belonging to difference ethnicity and race feel themselves disadvantaged. Battered women as advocated by court are given less respect by prosecutors and judges as compared to her counterparts white woman. She is often derided as being one of those white womens liberals who has betrayed her own while working on problems like domestic violence that will further stigmatize and destroy the men of color who are charged with battering. (Baur, E Cayleff, 1993). It has come to light that police generally present lackadaisical approach on rape cases. Only few percent of rape cases investigated lead to conviction. Detectives too do not apply the same professionalism in cases of rape as they do with other serious offences. Police are often blamed for attending to complainants especially women of color with skepticisms and inertia. It was the case reported on 25th July 2007 on Lesslie Iron rod, who was 20 years old. She was brutally raped and was hospitalized. Police was called and investigated process underwent and despite reporting whole incident to the police and also names of the miscreants involved in raping her investigations came to a dead stop with her death and no charges were filed against any of the miscreants. Justice department found that it is very likely that one among every three Native American women will be raped during her lifetime and in many cases these cases would often go unnoticed, unreported, or uninvestigated. Native Am ericans are landed in the health centers where they lack in the facility to collect DNA samples. Similarly are the cases of the child abuse. They are either unreported or most of the time under investigated. It is quite true children and youths becomes easy target of adults taking them into the world of crime and drug abuse while ignoring the responsibility they have for their safety and support. Police respond properly and without prejudice and undue force on the needs of the young people. There is always a negative stereotyping on both the sides and the police have to be susceptible to the trouble from any counter, yet the successful policing requires the stereotypes to be broken and must take robust, firm and effective steps. In many of the cases, police adopted prejudice approach where the gravity and the sensitivity of the issue is involved. The policing process can become a success if sustained or firm or fixed actions are undertaken and they are more sensitive towards youth problems and their needs. Young people from various ethnic backgrounds can be involved in the process of community policies that can access the needs of the other youths and take actions accordingly. To achieve gthis aim, first all kinds of stereotypes needs to be broken and also broken all the barriers dividing people to people on the basis of the race, ethnicity or color. Reference List Amnesty International. 1999. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: RACE, RIGHTS AND POLICE BRUTALITY. Bair Barbara, Cayleff E. Susan, 1993, Wings of Gauze: Women of Color and the Experience of Health and Illness, Wayne State University Press Center for Problem Oriented Policing. Responses to the Problem of Disorderly Youth in Public Places. Sullivan Laura, 2007, Rape Cases on Indian Lands Go Uninvestigated, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12203114 Vann, B. 1998. The "Million Youth March": Racist demagogy and police-state repression. Retrieved on September 20, 2008 from W.W.W: http://www.wsws.org/news/1998/sep1998/mym-s10.shtml West Virginia Advisory Committee to The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. 2004. Coping with Police Misconduct in West Virginia.

Politidcal theory essays

Politidcal theory essays The ideas of the Enlightenment became popular during the American and French Revolutions. These main ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers were that every natural phenomenon had a cause and effect. They felt that truth is arrived at by reason and there is a natural law that governs the universe. In America in the mid 18th Century the consciousness of the colonists were triggered. They realized their distance from the King in Great Britain and rethought their loyalties. They felt that the king did not have a right to profit off the land they worked on. Money was a central factor in rebellion. Because the British protected the colonists in the French Indian War and the crown spent manpower and money to protect the colonies they felt that the colonists must repay the debt. Therefore, they enforced the Stamp Act, which taxed documents and newspapers. The colonists felt that taxation should be the job of a local government and not of one overseas. Later the British enforced the Declaratory Act, which emphasized the British right to tax the colonies, and further taxed import and exports. This infuriated the colonists who boycotted goods coming to America. This is the beginning of the American Revolution. Soon after the First Continental Congress was formed and on July 4th 1776 the 2nd Continental Congress signed the Declaration of independence. Finally in 1783 with the Treaty of Paris the United States was legally given independence. In 18th Century France the system of aristocratic privilege and serfdom dominated politics and society. The Church received tithes and paid no taxes. The nobility was exempt from most taxes, collected dues from the peasantry, and held virtually every government office, simply because they were born into the right families. The rapidly growing middle class, or bourgeois, and peasantry paid all the taxes and had no political power and little social influence. These inequalities were based...

Avogadros Law Definition in Chemistry Terms

Avogadros Law Definition in Chemistry Terms Avogadros Law is the relation which states that at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain the same number of molecules. The law was described by Italian chemist and physicist Amedeo Avogadro in 1811. Avogadros Law Equation There are a few ways to write this gas law, which is a mathematical relation. It may be stated: k V/n where k is a proportionality constant V is the volume of a gas, and n is the number of moles of a gas Avogadros law also means the ideal gas constant is the same value for all gases, so: constant p1V1/T1n1 P2V2/T2n2 V1/n1 V2/n2V1n2 V2n1 where p is pressure of a gas, V is volume, T is temperature, and n is number of moles Implications of Avogadros Law There are a few important consequences of the law being true. The molar volume of all ideal gases at 0 °C and 1 atm pressure is 22.4 liters.  If pressure and temperature of a gas are constant, when the amount of gas increases, the volume increases.If pressure and temperature of a gas are constant, when the amount of gas decreases, the volume decreases.You prove Avogadros Law every time you blow up a balloon. Avogadros Law Example Say you have 5.00 L of a gas which contains 0.965 mol of molecules. What will be the new volume of the gas if the quantity is increased to 1.80 mol, assuming pressure and temperature are held constant? Select the appropriate form of the law for the calculation. In this case, a good choice is: V1n2   V2n1 (5.00 L)(1.80 mol) (x)(0.965 mol) Rewriting to solve for x give you: x (5.00 L)(1.80 mol) / (0.965 mol) x 9.33 L

Corrections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corrections - Essay Example On the other hand, some people are always released on parole after serving a part of their terms in prison. During parole and probation, offenders are required to abstain from committing similar offences while at the same time meeting certain prescribed conditions. It is usually the duty of correctional treatment specialists, parole officers and probation officers to monitor offenders and help them keep out of new crimes for as long as they are in their custodies. Such setups are often known as diversion programs. Some students may wish to play an integral role in protecting the country against criminals or by preventing criminals from committing other crimes. It is upon this very fact that my address is going to be based. In other words, I am going to discuss about the role of diversion, and the career path to a profession in this field. Diversion programs in criminal justice systems of different states are mainly run by district attorney’s offices, courts, police departments, or by agencies. The programs are aimed at enabling criminal offenders avoid being charged by law courts as well as having their names appearing on criminal records. In other words, diversion programs are a better alternative to police and court involvement, and in some cases, where these institutions are involved, to avoid further prosecution. Theoretically, diversionary tactics have a strong background. One Tannenbaum’s in 1938 regarded the application of formal court procedures against juveniles and minor offenders as the â€Å"dramatization of evil†. In 1963, a sociologist by the name Becker noted that labeling some acts as deviant and therefore treating their committers as outsiders in some cases did more harm to the offenders and society in general than the good that they intended to fulfill. Yet again, in 1951, one Lemert made certain classic statements about the assigning of labels to offenders

Research paper politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research paper politics - Essay Example It soon became evident that the American colonies of the New World were more interested in slaves than gold, and the slave trade quickly overshadowed the gold trade. Dutch, English, Danish, and Swedish competitors weakened Portuguese control and in 1642, the Portuguese left the Gold Coast permanently although their influence continues to this day. Various European powers attempted to dominate the profitable slave trade. The Dutch West India Company operated throughout most of the eighteenth century, and the British African Company of Merchants, founded in 1750, was successor to several earlier organizations and became the dominant European power on the Gold Coast (Buah 2004). Portugal's control of West Africa was gone by the seventeenth century, and Angola was the only major area left under Portuguese control. Angola, independent at present, is strongly influenced by Portuguese culture and its official language is Portuguese. It is especially distinctive because of South African infl uence and white settler communities, as well as the harsh colonial style of the Portuguese. The area therefore has become unique in Africa. As in most Portuguese colonies, mixed race children hold a different status (Angola 2007). In addition, Angola became divided into three factions-capitalists, independent, and the dominant party at present, the Population Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Violence, hunger and poverty marked the end of the twentieth century in Angola with peace being achieved in 2002. Even though they have gained their independence, "class, cultural, and linguistic divisions still haunt the country" (Birmingham 2006). Although France traveled to West Africa as early as 1483 and the first West African settlement was founded in the mid-seventeenth century in Senegal, it was not until the mid-nineteenth century that the French were firmly established in Cte d'Ivoire. Cte d'Ivoire, like the rest of West Africa, was subject to European influences, but absence of sheltered harbors made the area less appealing. The slave trade had little impact on the peoples of Cte d'Ivoire. Its profits were in ivory, but a decline in elephants closed down the trade by the beginning of the eighteenth century. In 1904, French West Africa consisted of Cte d'Ivoire, Dahoney (present-day Benin), Guinea, Niger, French Sudan (present-day Mali), Senegal, Upper Volta and Mauritania, ruled by the governor of Senegal, who became governor general. Most of the inhabitants of the colonies were subjects of France with no political rights (Handloff 1988). Handloff continues his history of the Ivory Coast noting that until 1958, gover nors appointed in Paris administered the colony of Cte d'Ivoire using direct, centralized administration that left little room for Ivoirian participation in policy making. The French colonial administration adopted divide-and-rule policies, applying ideas of assimilation only to the educated elite. These elite were inclined to take on the culture of the colonizers, moving away from their African heritage, and the influence of French culture continues to this day. The French-educated elites, or evolues, embodied the "African